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=============================================================================
CERT(sm) Advisory CA-95:04
Original issue date:  February 17, 1995
Last revised: August 7, 1996
              Information previously in the README was inserted
              into the advisory.

              A complete revision history is at the end of this file.        

Topic: NCSA HTTP Daemon for UNIX Vulnerability
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

The CERT Coordination Center has received reports that there is a
vulnerability in the NCSA HTTP Daemon V.1.3 for UNIX. Because of this
vulnerability, the daemon can be tricked into executing shell commands.

If you have any questions regarding this vulnerability, please contact NCSA
(Elizabeth Frank, efrank@ncsa.uiuc.edu).

We will update this advisory as we receive additional information.
Please check advisory files regularly for updates that relate to your site.

- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

I.   Description

     A vulnerability in the NCSA HTTP Daemon allows it to be tricked into
     executing shell commands.

II.  Impact

     Remote users may gain unauthorized access to the account (uid) under
     which the httpd process is running.

III. Solution

     Review the text provided by NSCA (#1 below) and install the patch
     provided under #2 below.

     1. Read the following text, which was provided by the HTTPD Team at SDG
        at NCSA. This text replaces Step 1 in the original version of the
        advisory. The NCSA text can also be found at  
         
           http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/docs/patch_desc.html

                   Beginning of Text Provided by NCSA
==============================================================================

                  NCSA httpd Patch for Buffer Overflow

A vulnerability was recently discovered in the NCSA httpd. A program which will
break into an HP system running the precompiled httpd has been published, along
with step by step instructions. The program overflows a buffer into program
space which then gets executed.

If you are running a precompiled NCSA httpd, please ftp a new copy of the
binary. If you have compiled your own source code, we recommend applying the
following Patch to fix the vulnerability in the NCSA HTTP Daemon V.1.3 for
UNIX. It modifies the strsubfirst subroutine in util.c.

We believe that earlier versions of the server are vulnerable to a similar
attack, and strsubfirst should be modified for all releases of the server.

[The original version of] Cert Advisory CA-95:04 describes the problem and
includes two suggested steps. We do not recommend taking step 1, which
increases MAX_STRING_LEN to 8192.  There are 154 occurrences of variables using
MAX_STRING_LEN and changing them from 256 to 8192 bytes is going to expand the
memory needed to run httpd tremendously! On top of that, httpd forks a new
process (a complete copy of the parent) for each connection, which if your
site gets hit a lot will use unnecessarily large amounts of memory. We have
already had reports from admins who have made the change saying they are
experiencing performance degradation due to swapping. Step 2, applying the
patch to util.c, should be sufficient to fix the problem. There is
significantly less forking in Release 1.4 of the NCSA HTTP Daemon which will
be released soon.

Detecting a Break-in

If the access log contains control characters, there is a chance that someone
has tried to break into your system. If your server has died recently, they
failed at least one attempt. And, if your server has not crashed and there are
control characters in the access log you should assume your system has been
compromised.

In this case, servers which currently use the User Directive to run the server
as "nobody", have limited the potential damage of an intruder to those commands
which "nobody" may execute.

Control Characters in the Access Log

You've discovered control characters in your access log. How do you tell if was
an intruder?

If the beginning of the line containing the control characters begins sensibly
(eg. machine name, and date (the GET periodically gets clobbered)) and ends
with a series of control characters, it is a break-in attempt. If the beginning
of the line starts with control characters (often nulls), this is a symptom of
a collision problem that occurs when two children try to write to the access
log simultaneously. This problem has only been seen with moderately to heavily
loaded servers. (We are working to fix this in Release 1.4.)

Other ways to Make Your Server More Secure

A tutorial about running a secure server is available. We also recommend that
the User Directive be used to run the server as "nobody".

Patched Source and Binaries

The patched source and precompiled binaries are available. We will also be
correcting the source for previous releases, but we will NOT be generating
binaries for previous releases.

Elizabeth Frank
efrank@ncsa.uiuc.edu

==============================================================================
                        End of Text Provided by NCSA

     2. Install the following patch, which performs the functionality of
        strsubfirst (i.e., copy src followed by dest[start] into dest) without
        the use of a temporary buffer.  
        
- ----------------------------------cut here-------------------------------------

*** util.c.bak  Sat May  7 21:47:15 1994
- --- util.c      Thu Feb 16 04:17:07 1995
***************
*** 158,168 ****
   
  void strsubfirst(int start,char *dest, char *src)
  {
!     char tmp[MAX_STRING_LEN];
  
!     strcpy(tmp,&dest[start]);
!     strcpy(dest,src);
!     strcpy(&dest[strlen(src)],tmp);
  }
  
  /*
- --- 158,174 ----
  
  void strsubfirst(int start,char *dest, char *src)
  {
!   int src_len, dest_len, i;
  
!   if ((src_len=strlen(src))<start){  /** src "fits" in dest **/
!     for (i=0;dest[i]=src[i];i++);
!     for (i=src_len;dest[i]=dest[i-src_len+start];i++);
!   }
!   else {                             /** src doesn't fit in dest **/
!     for (dest_len=strlen(dest),i=dest_len+src_len-start;i>=src_len;i--)
!       dest[i] = dest[i-src_len+start];
!     for (i=0;i<src_len;i++) dest[i]=src[i];
!   }
  }
  
  /*

- ---------------------------------cut here------------------------------------- 

After you apply this patch, recompile httpd, kill the current running process,
and restart the new httpd.

- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The CERT Coordination Center thanks Steve Weeber, Carlos Varela, and
Beth Frank for their support in responding to this problem.
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

If you believe that your system has been compromised, contact the CERT
Coordination Center or your representative in Forum of Incident
Response and Security Teams (FIRST).

If you wish to send sensitive incident or vulnerability information to
CERT staff by electronic mail, we strongly advise that the e-mail be
encrypted.  The CERT Coordination Center can support a shared DES key, PGP
(public key available via anonymous FTP on info.cert.org), or PEM (contact
CERT staff for details).

Internet E-mail: cert@cert.org
Telephone: +1 412-268-7090 (24-hour hotline)
           CERT personnel answer 8:30 a.m.-5:00 p.m. EST(GMT-5)/EDT(GMT-4),
           and are on call for emergencies during other hours.
Fax: +1 412-268-6989

Postal address:  CERT Coordination Center
                 Software Engineering Institute
                 Carnegie Mellon University
                 Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3890
                 USA

CERT advisories and bulletins are posted on the USENET newsgroup
comp.security.announce. If you would like to have future advisories and
bulletins mailed to you or to a mail exploder at your site, please send mail
to cert-advisory-request@cert.org.

Past advisories, CERT bulletins, information about FIRST representatives, and
other information related to computer security are available for anonymous FTP
from info.cert.org. 

Copyright 1995, 1996 Carnegie Mellon University
This material may be reproduced and distributed without permission provided
it is used for noncommercial purposes and the copyright statement is
included.

CERT is a service mark of Carnegie Mellon University.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Revision history

Aug. 07, 1996  Information previously in the README was inserted
                         into the advisory.
Mar. 15, 1995  Sec. III - Replaced original Step 1 with text from NCSA.
                          Updated NCSA contact information.

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